21 research outputs found
The national politics and politicians of Primitive Methodism
This thesis, which assists our understanding of the interaction between religious belief and political activity, presents a study of the politics of the Primitive Methodist Church and the MPs associated with it between 1886 and 1922. This was the zenith of the Churchβs political activism. It traces Primitive Methodismβs evolution from an apolitical body, preaching individual salvation and with a particular mission to the working classes, to one that also promoted social salvation through progressive politics. The Churchβs emphasis on individual moral improvement during its early decades receded and it increasingly advocated collectivist solutions to social ills, eventually espousing a balanced and synergetic combination of the two principles. This increasing engagement with progressive national politics manifested itself in the election of December 1885. In the wake of the franchise extension of 1884, 12 working-class MPs were elected, five of whom were closely associated with the Church. Although two working men, including Thomas Burt, the son of a Primitive Methodist local preacher, had preceded them in 1874, this influx of plebeian MPs was an event unprecedented in parliamentary history. The proportion drawn from a minor religious denomination was also notable. All told, my research has identified 44 MPs associated with Primitive Methodism between its foundation in the first decade of the nineteenth century and 1932, when the Church merged with other Methodist denominations. Although it frequently asserted that it was not wedded to any one political party, the reality was different. Initially, the Church and its MPs were firmly Liberal. However, the Liberal allegiance gradually diminished and an increasing number of Primitives supported other political parties, particularly the emergent Labour Party. Historians have often focused on the importance of Primitive Methodists in the foundation and leadership of a number of early trade unions, particularly those for coal miners and agricultural labourers. The historian Eric Hobsbawm deduced from this that the Church experienced a βpartial transformation β¦ into a labour sectβ: mutating from a purely religious organization into one that provided the Labour Movement with leaders. However, he lamented the lack of detailed inquiry into the religious background of the early generation of working-class MPs. This thesis remedies that deficiency in relation to the Primitive MPs, within the context of the Churchβs own parliamentary agenda. The core of this study begins in 1886 with the election of the group of Primitive MPs and ends in 1922 as the Churchβs leadership began to realise that political activism was no longer a harmonising force for its members. It explores the Churchβs official parliamentary aims and priorities as expressed at its Annual Conferences and District Meetings, the spectrum of membersβ views articulated in Church publications, and the activities of its MPs in and out of Parliament. These are considered in the context of Primitive Methodismβs social and occupational composition, its geographical distribution, and theological foundations. Although necessary to understanding the Churchβs political trajectory, lack of space has restricted discussion of the Churchβs political activism from 1923 to 1932 to a brief overview
South Carolina State Library Periodicals List
This document provides a list of periodicals in the year 2000, arranged by the South Carolina State Library
The Construction of a Mound and a New Community: An Analysis of the Ceramic and Feature Assemblages from the Northeast Mound at the Aztalan Site
By the start of the 12th century A.D., the Aztalan site in southeastern Wisconsin was home to Middle Mississippian immigrants from the south and local Late Woodland residents. The amalgamated population coexisted, maintained defensive works, and constructed earthen monuments in the spirit of Middle Mississippian mound construction. One mound, located within the domestic complex of the site in the northeast corner of the palisaded area, was the focus of Wisconsin Historical Society excavations during the 1960s. This thesis utilizes the unreported results of these investigations to highlight the social implication resulting from the prehistoric construction of Aztalan\u27s northeast platform mound. Results demonstrate the Late Woodland sub-mound space was transformed into a Middle Mississippian monument not by means of coercion or cooptation, but rather through socially integrative practices creating a space that symbolized a new pluralistic community unique to Aztalan and the multiple social groups involved
Faculty Publications and Creative Works 2004
Faculty Publications & Creative Works is an annual compendium of scholarly and creative activities of University of New Mexico faculty during the noted calendar year. Published by the Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, it serves to illustrate the robust and active intellectual pursuits conducted by the faculty in support of teaching and research at UNM
The Electoral Consequences of Third Way Welfare State Reforms
In all advanced Western nations, policy-makers have implemented encompassing welfare state reforms in recent decades breaking with past welfare arrangements. In particular, social democracy engaged in significant policy change under the Third Way paradigm and broke with its traditional reputation on welfare that had built the ties with the core constituency in the 20th century. The Electoral Consequences of Third Way Welfare State Reforms: Social Democracyβs Transformation and its Political Costs provides a comparative study of the electoral consequences of Third Way welfare state reforms. The book demonstrates that Third Way reforms went against the social policy preferences of social democracyβs core voters and indeed produced an electoral setback for social democrats at the ballots. Moreover, and accounting for cross-national variation, the analysis shows that the nature of the setback is contingent on the electoral system and the party competition social democrats face when reforming the welfare state
Archaeology on the Apulian β Lucanian Border
The broad valley of the Bradano river and its tributary the Basentello separates the Apennine mountains in Lucania from the limestone plateau of the Murge in Apulia in South East Italy. For millennia the valley has functioned both as a cultural and political divide between the two regions, and as a channel for new ideas transmitted from South to North or vice versa depending on the political and economic conditions of the time. Archaeology on the Apulian β Lucanian Border aims to explain how the pattern of settlement and land use changed in the valley over the whole period from Neolithic to Late Medieval, taking account of changing environmental conditions, and setting the changes in a broader political, social and cultural context. There are three levels of focus. The first is on the results of a field survey (1996-2006) in the Basentello valley by teams from the Universities of Alberta, Edinburgh, and Bari, directed by the authors. The second concerns the discoveries of earlier field surveys in the late 1960s and early 1970s undertaken in connection with excavations on Botromagno near Gravina in Puglia. The third is a much broader synthesis of the results of recent scholarship using archaeological, epigraphic and literary sources to reconstruct an archaeological history of the valley and the surrounding area. The creation of a vast imperial estate at Vagnari around the end of the 1st century BC and its long-lasting impact on the pattern of settlement in the area is a significant theme in the later chapters of the book
Afrikaner student identity in post apartheid South Africa : a case study
The legal end of apartheid in South Africa brought about innumerable radical changes, not least so in its implications for the identity dynamics of all citizens. Due to their parentsβ and grandparentsβ undeniable involvement in and benefitting from the apartheid system, white Afrikaner youth are experiencing particular challenges as they battle to renegotiate their identity as Afrikaners. Three interrelated research aims guided this case study, namely a) to explore respondentsβ attitudes toward a variety of identity labels and cultural elements; b) to detect possible manifestations of a present day βnewβ Afrikaner nationalism amongst them and c) to probe the relationship between respondentsβ identification and the South African βbrain drainβ. Literature and focus group data informed the content of a comprehensive survey, which was filled out by 151 respondents from the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Pretoria. Results illustrate that conventional Afrikaner churches and the institution of the family continue to act as a 'hub of socialisation' that transfers traditional values to the youth, in so doing providing continuity between the past and present. The two-thirds of respondents who are members of conventional Afrikaner churches are more likely to identify with exclusivist, conservative ethno-cultural values. The stark juxtaposition between a radically changed national context and these respondentsβ values manifests in a particular strategy to present themselves as βpolitically correctβ citizens. This strategy involves utilisation of the notion of 'culture' to downplay the centrality of racial difference in their experiences and identification. They subscribe to several discourses that are typical of βwhitenessβ, which cast whites as victims of change and discredit post-1994 redress policies. It is argued that respondentsβ strong ethno-cultural identification disproves the notion of an identity crisis amongst them and underpins the finding that few respondents plan to emigrate on a permanent basis. Their active consumption of key elements of white Afrikaner culture arguably constitutes a form of twenty-first century cultural nationalism.Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2013.Sociologyunrestricte
Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ 2014. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ, Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ β Π Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ° (ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°) Π·Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ Π‘ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π‘ΠΠΠ£). Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ£ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ° 2014. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ± ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ; Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ³ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΊΡ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΌ. Π’ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ β ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π°, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° β ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°, ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π° βΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΄ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎβ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ βΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρβ Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ.
ΠΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ Π½Π° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΊ, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π·Π°Π½Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ.
Π£ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π‘ΠΠΠ£, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ½ΠΈΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π·Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°Π΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ βΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠ°β ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ (ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»Π³ΡΠ°Π΄), ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄ 1941. Π΄ΠΎ 1944. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΄Π° ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π‘ΠΠΠ£ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°, Π½ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΎ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π‘Π°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΡ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ βΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅β ΠΈ βΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π³Π°ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅β; Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π°Π»Π° Π·Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΠΆΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ Π±ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Ρ.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏ, ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° βΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎβ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ°Π΄; ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π±Π°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π° ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ; ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ Π΄Π΅ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°.
Π£ ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ³Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ: ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° βΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΡβ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠ°; ΠΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ-ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½.
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΎ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ Π Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°, ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ; ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ½Π° ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ.
Π£ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°, Π‘Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π½Π° ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°. ΠΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°: ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π½Π°, Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°Π΄Ρ, ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π°Π»Π° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° (Slobodan Dan Paich), ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ° Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ, Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ-ΠΠ΅Π³ΡΡ ΡΠ΅, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π°Π»Π° ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Ρ ΠΠΠΠ£Π‘, ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π³Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ Π Π’Π‘ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ βΠΎΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅β, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ·Π°Π΄, Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π²ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π₯ΠΎΡΠ° Π Π’Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π·Π°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·
Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π΅.
ΠΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ,
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ Π±Π°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π·Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ± ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° (ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ
ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°): ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π‘Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ, Π‘ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π»Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ, Π’Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠΈΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ-ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΠΈΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΈΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊ, ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π²Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ½, ΠΠ½Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΊΠ΅Ρ
Π°ΡΠ΄ ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΊ (Eckehard Pistrick), ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π‘ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Leon Stefanija), ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°: Π½Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅; Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΠΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ, ΠΡΠ°Π³Π°Π½ΠΈ Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ-ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π₯ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡ, ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ-ΠΠ΅Π³ΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π‘ΠΠΠ£ ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠ½Π° ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π’Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π‘ΠΠΠ£. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ β ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΠ° Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌo ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ-ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π° 28. ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ° 2015. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, Ρ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅,
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π₯ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π·Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅.
Π΄Ρ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ